Как использовать кавычки в Английском. Прямая речь, цитирование, названия, выделение специальных слов и фраз.

Quotation marks are used in English to indicate direct speech, quotations, titles of short works, and to highlight specific words or phrases. Here are the grammar rules for using quotation marks:

Use commas to introduce or interrupt direct quotations.

1. Double Quotation Marks (" "):

Use double quotation marks to enclose direct speech or a direct quotation.

   - Example: She said, "I'll be there in five minutes."

   - Example: He asked, "What time is the meeting?"

Use double quotation marks for titles of short works such as articles, poems, short stories, and song titles.

   - Example: I enjoyed reading the article "The Importance of Exercise."

   - Example: Have you listened to the song "Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran?

2. Single Quotation Marks (' '):

Use single quotation marks to enclose a quotation within a quotation.

   - Example: She said, "He told me, 'I can't make it today.'"

   - Example: The article mentioned,"The professor emphasized, 'Always be curious.'"

3. Capitalization and Commas:

Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation if it is a complete sentence.

   - Example: John said, "I am going to the store."

Do not capitalize the first word of a direct quotation if it is a continuation of the sentence. The grammar rule states that when a direct quotation is a continuation of the sentence, the first word of the quotation should not be capitalized. Here are a few examples:

     - Example: "I did'n see any celebrities in LA," John said, "but I still had a good time." 

    - Example: "Why," she asked, "are you so negligent?"

In these examples, the first word of each direct quotation is not capitalized because it is a continuation of the preceding sentence.

Place commas and periods inside the quotation marks.

   - Example: "I love to read," she said.

   - Example: He shouted, "Stop!"

Place question marks or exclamation marks inside the quotation marks when they are part of the quotation, but outside when they apply to the whole sentence.

   - Example: Did she say, "Where is my book"?

   - Example: He exclaimed, "What an amazing view"!

4. Placing Quotes within sentences:

Use quotation marks to highlight specific words or phrases.

   - Example: The word "phenomenal" is often used to describe her performance.

   - Example: The article discussed the benefits of "mindfulness" in daily life.

Remember to use quotation marks to set off exact words and phrases and to adhere to the punctuation rules mentioned above.