Грамматика. Prepositions, Interjections, Conjunctions.

1. Prepositions [предлоги]:

Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence. They usually indicate location, direction, time, or manner. Some common prepositions include "in," "on," "at," "by," "under," "over," "through," and "with." Prepositions are typically used to introduce phrases known as prepositional phrases.

Example:

She sat on the chair.

The book is on the table.

We went to the park.

In these examples, the prepositions "on" and "to" establish the relationship between the noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence.

2. Interjections [междометия]:

Interjections are words or phrases that express strong emotions, feelings, or sudden reactions. They often stand alone and are punctuated with an exclamation mark or a comma. Interjections can convey various emotions such as surprise, joy, frustration, pain, etc. Common interjections include "wow," "oh," "ouch," "bravo," "hurray," and "alas."

Example:

Wow, what a beautiful sunset!

Oh, I forgot my keys!

Ouch, that hurt!

In these examples, the interjections "wow," "oh," and "ouch" express strong emotions or reactions but do not have a grammatical relationship with other words in the sentence.

To differentiate between prepositions and interjections, consider their function within the sentence. Prepositions establish relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words, while interjections express strong emotions or reactions and stand alone in a sentence.

 3. Conjunctions [союз]. 

Conjunctions are words that join words, phrases, or clauses together within a sentence. They act as connectors to show the relationship between different elements in a sentence. Conjunctions can be classified into different types based on their function.

Here are some common types of conjunctions:

— Coordinating Conjunctions.

Coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance. The most common coordinating conjunctions are "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet."

Examples:

She likes to read and write.

He wanted to go to the party, but he had to work.

You can have tea or coffee.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect elements that are equal in importance or to present choices or alternatives.

— Subordinating Conjunctions.

Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent clause (subordinate clause) to an independent clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and relies on the independent clause for meaning. Some common subordinating conjunctions include "because," "although," "while," "if," "since," "unless," and "after."

Examples:

Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.

I will go to the store if I have time.

She studied hard although she was tired.

Subordinating conjunctions are used to establish a dependent relationship between the clauses and show cause and effect, time relationships, condition, contrast, and other related connections.

— Correlative Conjunctions.

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses. Some common correlative conjunctions include "either...or," "neither...nor," "both...and," "not only...but also," and "whether...or."

Examples:

Either you study, or you fail.

She is not only smart, but also kind.

Whether it rains or snows, we'll have fun.

Correlative conjunctions are used to emphasize the relationship between two parallel elements in a sentence.

When using conjunctions correctly, ensure that they connect similar elements and maintain sentence coherence. Pay attention to the punctuation and word order as well. It's also essential to understand the specific meaning and usage of each conjunction type to convey your intended message accurately.